What is the difference between crowding and density

Davis, J. Yes indeed, about 0. Day, A. Easterlin, R. David and H. Reder eds. Fischer, C. Freedman, J. Fawcett ed. French, J. Colho, D. Hamburg, and J. Adams eds. Galle, O. Gove, W. Land, K. Lawrence, J. Marans, R. Rapoport, A. Rodgers, W. Schmidt, R. Sheldon, Eleanor B. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.

No, but it will probably lead to more distress and more social withdrawal, especially from your roommates. If you have an exam to study for or a difficult, challenging task, crowding could have some negative effects. Laboratory experiments show that crowding impairs complex, but not simple, task performance. If the task is demanding, requiring a lot of effort and attention to multiple components, it is likely to suffer under crowded conditions. What about individual differences in sensitivity to crowding—does everyone respond the same way to a crowded situation?

If you are studying and your friend is talking with his friends, crowding is likely to have drastically different effects on each of you. However, over time, if these attempts are unsuccessful, women may actually react more negatively because their attempts at affiliation prove futile. One study of tripled college dorm rooms designed for two people found more psychological distress in women than in men, but it took more time for this to occur in the females.

The tripled-up men, but not the women, evidenced elevated stress hormones. How about culture or ethnicity? Some groups of people e. But their negative reactions to crowding are similar across cultures. The threshold to experience crowding may be different, but once it happens, their reactions are parallel to one another.

One final topic worth brief mention is the potential role of architecture and design in crowding. Space is not simply area or volume. These findings imply that architectural designs that meet the expectation of occupants may well alleviate feelings of crowdedness in situations of spatial constraint.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Rent this article via DeepDyve. Altman, I. Google Scholar. Baldassare, M. Baum, A. Beeghley, L. Bharucha-Reid, R. Booth, A. Chan, Y. Ng and F. Cheung eds. Lau, M. Wan and S. Wong eds. Dean, L. Pugh and E. Desor, J. Freedman, J. Gurkaynak and W. Lecompte eds. Gabe, J. Galle, O. Gove and J. Hirschl, T. Jin, Y. Lai, L. Lee, R. Leopore, S. Evans and M. Lester, D.

Liang, S. Millar, S. Mitchell, R. Newman, O.