What is primrose oil made from

Evening Primrose Oil Oenothera biennis L. Published November Mahboubi M. Evening primrose oil in management of female ailments. J Menopausal Med. A comparative study on the effect of "black cohosh" and "evening primrose oil" on menopausal hot flashes. J Educ Health Promot. Associations of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Osteoporos. Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis with Dietary Interventions. Front Nutr.

Calcium, gamma-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in senile osteoporosis. Aging Milano. The effects of evening primrose oil on nerve function and capillarization in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: modulation by the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor flurbiprofen. Br J Pharmacol. Bamford, J. Oral evening primrose oil and borage oil for eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. DOI: Cameron, M. Herbal therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Farzaneh, F. The effect of oral evening primrose oil on menopausal hot flashes: a randomized clinical trial.

Arch Gynecol Obstet. Ogbera, A. Treatment of diabetes mellitus-associated neuropathy with vitamin E and Eve primrose. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellHealth. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page. These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data.

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Table of Contents. Possible Side Effects. Dosage and Preparation. What to Look For. Other Questions. Evening Primrose Oil and Menopause. Was this page helpful? The effect of gamma-linolenic acid on human diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Diabet Med. Little C, Parsons T. Herbal therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. A national survey of herbal preparation use by nurse-midwives for labor stimulation. Review of the literature and recommendations for practice. J Nurse Midwifery. Atopic eczema unresponsive to evening primrose oil linoleic and gamma-linolenic acids.

J Am Acad Dermatol. Barber A. Evening primrose oil: a panacea? Pharm J. Vaddadi KS. The use of gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid to differentiate between temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Med. A trial of evening primrose oil in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia. J Orthomol Psychiatr. Down the primrose path: petechiae in a neonate exposed to herbal remedy for parturition. J Pediatr. Dove D, Johnson P. Oral evening primrose oil: its effect on length of pregnancy and selected intrapartum outcomes in low-risk nulliparous women.

Clinical and experimental study on the long-term effect of dietary gamma-linolenic acid on plasma lipids, platelet aggregation, thromboxane formation, and prostacyclin production. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. Dietary gamma-linolenic acid lowers blood pressure and alters aortic reactivity and cholesterol metabolism in hypertension. J Hypertens. Engler MM. Comparative study of diets enriched with evening primrose, black currant, borage or fungal oils on blood pressure and pressor responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Champaign, Ill. Gamma linolenic acid causes weight loss and lower blood pressure in overweight patients with family history of obesity.

Swed J Biol Med. Viikari J, Lehtonen A. Effect of primrose oil on serum lipids and blood pressure in hyperlipidemic subjects. Kleijnen J. Evening primrose oil. This content is owned by the AAFP. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. This material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP.

Contact afpserv aafp. Want to use this article elsewhere? Get Permissions. Read the Issue. Sign Up Now. Previous: Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring. Next: Latex Allergy. Many studies in people have evaluated evening primrose oil for atopic dermatitis or breast pain. Smaller numbers of studies have evaluated it for other health conditions. What Have We Learned? Evening primrose oil, taken orally by mouth , has not been shown to be helpful for relieving symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

Studies of evening primrose oil for breast pain have not found it to be more effective than a placebo an inactive substance. Evening primrose oil is probably safe for most adults. Less is known about its safety for children. Evening primrose oil may be safe for use during pregnancy and while breastfeeding, but the evidence is not conclusive.

Evening primrose oil is generally well tolerated. The most common side effects are temporary gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, fullness, or nausea. Evening primrose oil may increase the effects of the HIV medicine lopinavir. As with all dietary supplements, talk with your health care provider before taking evening primrose oil if you are taking any kind of medicine. Keep in Mind.

Take charge of your health—talk with your health care providers about any complementary health approaches you use. Together, you can make shared, well-informed decisions. For More Information.